Eric Blue's Blog

The Visual Understanding Environment (VUE) project at Tufts is focused on creating flexible tools for managing and integrating digital resources in support of teaching, learning and research. VUE provides a flexible visual environment for structuring, presenting, and sharing digital information.

At its core, the Visual Understanding Environment (VUE) is a concept and content mapping application, developed to support teaching, learning and research and for anyone who needs to organize, contextualize, and access digital information. Using a simple set of tools and a basic visual grammar consisting of nodes and links, faculty and students can map relationships between concepts, ideas and digital content.

Concept mapping is not new to the educational field. In fact, the benefits of concept mapping as a learning tool have been documented by over 40 years of cognitive science research. VUE provides a concept mapping interface, which can be used as such, or as an interface to organize digital content in non-linear ways.

Check out the VUE screencast here. According to an email I just received this afternoon, VUE 2 was just released with the following features:

• Tools for dynamic presentation of maps
• Map merge and analysis tools
• Enhanced keyword tagging and search capabilities
• Support for semantic mapping using ontologies
• Expanded search of online resources (Flickr, Yahoo, Wikipedia, Twitter, PubMed, etc.)
• Ability to publish your VUE maps directly to Fedora digital repositories and Sakai

Posted by EricB at 05:17 PM | Permalink | Comments (0) | TrackBacks (0)

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By shear serendipity (ala Google), I stumbled across a truly great paper on Personal Knowledge Management. The paper, titled Building the Memex Sixty Years Later:
Trends and Directions in Personal Knowledge Bases, is undoubtedly one of the most comprehensive pieces of literature that I've read on PKM (Personal Knowledge Management). This paper was written by 3 students at the University of Colorado (Stephen Davies, Javier Velez-Morales, and Roger King) in Aug 2005.

Two key things from this paper really stood out to me:

1. The distinction between the role of objective and subjective realms when it comes to PKM. For example:

   "... the objective realm – the set of electronic documents and other information that are available to a group at large. This is often the entire public domain, as with the World Wide Web, but sometimes it may be communicated only internally with an organization. The key factor is that it consists of materials everyone within a large group has access to, and views identically (ie., a given text appears the same to everyone.)
   a subjective realm – the viewpoints, interpretations, classifications, and relationships that an individual perceives when examining the objective realm. This set of elements is unique to each observer. It represents the ongoing accumulation of knowledge each person builds as they browse and learn from objective sources. It need not consist solely of elements from the objective realm, as the observer will also bring in their own background knowledge and biases, but it is most often primarily comprised of such objective elements."

2. The depth and range of coverage of the existing PKM solutions (mindmaps, outliners, wikis, semantic web technologies, and numerous references to historical PKM products)

If you're interested in Personal Knowledge Management, I would *highly* recommend checking out this paper. My curiosity about the Memex has been peeked recently, and this paper definitely re-enforces the notion that others are interested in also achieving this vision.

I was able to find this pretty easily (by luck) via Google, however there is a limited distribution notice in the paper itself. So, i'm not certain if I can or should provide a direct link. However, you can check out the link to the ACM Portal (ACM subscription required). It seems the link on ACM is referencing a new paper published in 2006, which I have not yet reviewed:

http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1142431

And, of course, you can simply Google the paper title in quotes and you should be able to find the .pdf pretty easily:

Google "Building the Memex Sixty Years Later: Trends and Directions in Personal Knowledge Bases"

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Thanks again to del.icio.us, I discovered an amazing site today called Thinkbase.

"Thinkbase is a new way to navigate and explore information on the web. It is what we call a 'Visual Wiki'. It is based on Freebase, an open, shared database of the world's knowledge - in other words a Semantic Wiki. Thinkbase uses a visualization tool (Thinkmap) to create an interactive visual representation of the semantic relationships in Freebase."

This is actually something I've been wanting to do with my own Personal Knowledge Manager(a.k.a. Semantic Wiki or Memex). I'm a huge fan of visualization, and ThinkMap (The software used to power ThinkBase) is a pretty comprehensive toolkit. I've looked at quite a few different visualization solutions over the last few years, and ThinkBase is one of the most impressive ones. Recently I came across a stunning Flash-based project by Ruben Swieringa
called the interactive mindmap (http://www.rubenswieringa.com/blog/interactive-mindmap). It would be interesting to leverage some sort of open source solution like this to accomplish what the guys at ThinkBase have done. Overall, ThinkBase is a step in the right direction and I'm hoping it gets some well-deserved attention.

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The memex ( "memory extender") is the name given by Vannevar Bush to the theoretical proto-hypertext computer system he proposed in his 1945 The Atlantic Monthly article As We May Think. The memex has influenced the development of subsequential hypertext and intellect augmenting computer systems. Bush's vision for the memex extended far beyond a mechanism which might augment the research of one individual working in isolation. In Bush's vision the ability to connect, annotate and share both published works and personal trails would profoundly change the process by which the "world's record" is created and used.

Excerpts from Bush's article:

"Wholly new forms of encyclopedias will appear, ready made with a mesh of associative trails running through them, ready to be dropped into the memex and there amplified. The lawyer has at his touch the associated opinions and decisions of his whole experience, and of the experience of friends and authorities. The patent attorney has on call the millions of issued patents, with familiar trails to every point of his client's interest. The physician, puzzled by a patient's reactions, strikes the trail established in studying an earlier similar case, and runs rapidly through analogous case histories, with side references to the classics for the pertinent anatomy and histology. ... The historian, with a vast chronological account of a people, parallels it with a skip trail which stops only on the salient items, and can follow at any time contemporary trails which lead him all over civilization at a particular epoch. There is a new profession of trail blazers, those who find delight in the task of establishing useful trails through the enormous mass of the common record. The inheritance from the master becomes, not only his additions to the world's record, but for his disciples the entire scaffolding by which they were erected. "

-- As We May Think

And

"Consider a future device for individual use, which is a sort of mechanized private file and library. It needs a name, and, to coin one at random, "memex" will do. A memex is a device in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility. It is an enlarged intimate supplement to his memory."

It seems to me that the Bush's concept and proposal of a memex, while fanciful and even bordering on futuristic fantasy (having been written in 1945), is obviously becoming a reality for normal, everyday people. Yes, there are definitely parallels with hyperlinking systems, the WWW (yes, it's 2008 and I said WWW), and the recent surge in social networks. There is nothing particularly revolutionary with this comparison. However, the real power in this type of personal knowledge manager is putting the memex to use for personal applications. By putting to use, I mean augmenting your personal knowledge (learning new information and recalling existing knowledge) and creating a "trusted system" for storing your most important and cherished information.

Much of my time the last few months has been devoted to the topic of Personal Knowledge Managment, and in particular, the application and use of Semantic Wikis. I've been experimenting with a few different applications of my own memex, and so far the results have been very promising. So far, I'm working on the following:

• Personal Journal - Basic forms for filling out a diary/journal entry
• Dream Journal - Detailed form and record of dreams. Complete with semantic, table-based, and calendar views (Simile)
• Travel Log - Travel details including geographic information and integration with Google Maps
• Personal Learning History - Tracking all books and audio/dvd courses completed in the last few years. Complete with semantic, table-based, and calendar views (Simile)

In some upcoming posts I plan on sharing how to implement these applications.

Credit: Thanks to Jamie at Semantic Wave for bring the work of Vannevar Bush to my attention a couple years ago. It wasn't until recently that I really started making progress in implementing some of these ideas for my personal use.

Link to the online version of the Atlantic Monthly article is here. And, excerpts of this post were taken from the Memex article at Wikipedia.

Posted by EricB at 08:57 PM | Permalink | Comments (0) | TrackBacks (1)

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Back in March, I began evaluating some open source Document Management Systems (DMS) to help compliment my wiki-based Personal Knowledge Manager (PKM). That's a little bit of acronym-overload. But, in simple terms I really am looking for a way to easily store, categorize, and retrieve a number of my documents related to research and learning (PDFs, Word Docs, etc).

I quickly discovered that although my wiki can manage attaching simple documents, there was no way to easily store metadata for the documents or search within the wiki itself. As I alluded to in my original post, I narrowed down my search to 3 main DMS choices: SCAN, Alfresco, and Knowledge Tree. Of these three, SCAN (Smart Content Aggregation and Navigation) ended up being the most feature-rich and least complicated. Alfresco and Knowledge tree are both fantastic products, but they ended up being too complex for my needs. I believe this ultimately boiled down to the fact that my DMS is for one person (me) and not an entire team or company. Many features related to roles, access restrictions, and document workflow aren't a concern to me right now.

At a high-level, SCAN supports the following features:

• Java-based UI with a multitude of browsing, searching, and tagging functions (Can run on a variety of platforms - Linux, Mac, & Windows
• Support (with plugins) for PDF, Word, Excel, XML/XHTML, Plain text
• Tag cluster browsing for both Documents and Del.icio.us links
• Sophisticated tagging and text analysis

A full list of features can be found here. I received an anonymous tip the other day (well, it was actually from a guest Google chatter) that SCAN version 1.3 was just released. This release has a number of UI enhancements for browsing the document collections, adding document annotations, and better management of metadata through document properties.

For the most part, SCAN ended up being my "Killer App" for Document Management Systems. One slight drawback on my wishlist is that there is no web-interface for SCAN. Most of my time spent searching, browsing, and tagging will more than likely be on my primary desktop where SCAN is installed. Using the SCAN GUI is fine for 90% of the time, however if I am remote I would like to have access to my documents.

For the short-term I've simply configured my wiki to display my document repository so I can download documents as needed. What's convenient is that I can preserve the document directory hierarchy however I like in the file system. And with SCAN, I can choose to create multiple document repositories and organize & aggregate my document collections with tags. Sure, I can only get a hierarchy (file system) list for my web view, but this is OK for now.

Long-term, I would like to experiment with adding the following features for my own needs (I am a fan of Eating My Own Dog Food or Sipping My Own Champagne):

• Add support for password-protected PDFs (if this is possible with Lucene)
• Add support for indexing and searching MindManager mindmaps. This is a *huge* must have for me given the number of mindmaps I've created for my own research.
• Create a basic SOAP-based service layer on top of SCAN so I can access metadata, create tag clouds, and search from a web-interface. This web-interface will more than likely be a barebones MediaWiki plugin.

This, of course, will need to be added to my ever-growing Personal Pet Project Queue.

I'd highly recommend giving SCAN a whirl, especially if you're interested in wrangling a large number of documents. SCAN is simple, effective, & powerful. And, best of all, it's free!

Posted by EricB at 11:26 PM | Permalink | Comments (0) | TrackBacks (0)

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Every 6 months or so I mix things up and alternate my primary area of focus between studying philosophy and pursuing my creative technical interests (e.g. my multitude of pet/geek projects). I decided to switch gears a couple weeks ago and have been back into academic mode. My primary focus has been studying the history of philosophy; notable figures, major schools of thought, etc. I've also been creating a series of detailed mindmaps based on this research and hope to share those sometime next month.

Over the last 6 months much of my time and writing has been focusing on learning and personal knowledge management. So, it occurred to me that this might be a good opportunity to blend my interests in learning, technology, and philosophy. I've been using the Semantic MediaWiki for the past few months as my Personal Knowledge Manager and just recently started adding my own semantic data for major philosophers (date of birth, place of birth, influences, influenced by, school of thought).

I figured it would be uber cool (and geeky) to be able to query this type of metadata and aggregate it in the hopes of seeing new patterns. At a high level, here is what I'd like to do:

* View all philosophers on a timeline broken down by date and time period (Ancient Greek, Early Christian, Dark Ages, Modern, Post Modern, etc). Something like http://radicalacademy.com/diahistphil.htm.

* Map of philosophers based on place of birth, origin of school, or place of death.

* Graphical representation of lineage of influences by philosophers. This is somewhat similar to The Genealogy of Influence I posted about last year.

* Faceted Browsing on various metadata. Make something similar to the amazingly cool Elastic Lists?

In theory, this sounds very cool but could get complicated pretty fast. Luckily there are some great projects like Simile at MIT that solve some interesting problem domains. One particular subproject called Exhibit offers many of these features. I would just need to find a way to export my philosophy wiki data as RDF (which I believe it currently does) and reformat to JSON. This will definitely get some priority on my existing Pet Project Queue ;) More to follow later......

Posted by EricB at 03:49 PM | Permalink | Comments (2) | TrackBacks (0)

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Wired recently featured an intriguing article titled: Want to Remember Everything You'll Ever Learn? Surrender to This Algorithm. Piotr Wozniak, a Polish Renaissance Man of sorts, has developed an algorithm and software product to help people learn and retain knowledge at amazing levels. This software, called SuperMemo...

"is based on the insight that there is an ideal moment to practice what you've learned. Practice too soon and you waste your time. Practice too late and you've forgotten the material and have to relearn it. The right time to practice is just at the moment you're about to forget. Unfortunately, this moment is different for every person and each bit of information. Imagine a pile of thousands of flash cards. Somewhere in this pile are the ones you should be practicing right now. Which are they?"

SuperMemo certainly looks like an interesting project, and I would highly recommend reading this article. One particular quote on learning/forgetting stood out to me:

"The problem of forgetting might not torment us so much if we could only convince ourselves that remembering isn't important. Perhaps the things we learn — words, dates, formulas, historical and biographical details — don't really matter. Facts can be looked up. That's what the Internet is for. When it comes to learning, what really matters is how things fit together. We master the stories, the schemas, the frameworks, the paradigms; we rehearse the lingo; we swim in the episteme."

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From LifeHack.Org:

Education is touted as the greatest way to get ahead in this world. And, in general, it’s a great strategy. Maybe you have the perfect idea for an invention and you need a little engineering know-how, or maybe you just need to get ahead of the guy in the next cubicle over. No matter what plan you have for getting ahead, odds are a little learning will help. The problem, as I see it, is that education is also an industry. You want a string of fancy letters behind your name? Prepare to pay for it.

While you may need a certificate in order to be a licensed professional of some sort, however, you don’t need to attend an expensive class for many of your other learning needs. There are plenty of stunning examples of people who have gotten ahead based on their self-education — enough that there is a fancy term for them; they’re called autodidacts. Step up and join the likes of Benjamin Franklin, Stanley Kubrick and Frank Zappa.

Continue reading more at: http://www.lifehack.org/articles/lifestyle/diy-education-teach-yourself.html

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Just found a great set of links from OEDB:

If you think that iPods are used just for listening to music, you obviously haven't been keeping up with the latest technology. The Apple-developed music player now features all kinds of accessories to help you study better, and now other companies are in a rush to get their designs in sync with the iPod. Pre-teens, college kids and even adults are taking advantage of the educational benefits an iPod affords them. From downloadable podcasts to just-for-iPod study guides and applications, learning on the go has never been easier. To find out about the many different ways you can transform your iPod into a learning device, check out our list below.

Source: http://oedb.org/library/beginning-online-learning/100-ways-to-use-your-ipod-to-learn-and-study-better

Posted by EricB at 10:10 AM | Permalink | Comments (0) | TrackBacks (0)

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For readers that know me, it's not a stretch to say that I *love* learning new things. I've always been a bit of a self learner (autodidactic if you want to get technical), and a few years ago I started a search (a quest actually) for finding tools to help streamline the learning process. Over time I discovered that the realm of knowledge management is vast and, quite honestly, fairly nebulous at times. In the next few months, I'm going to shift the focus of the blog for a little bit and write some more in depth posts on discoveries I've made with respect to personal knowledge management and highlight software that facilitates organization, collaboration, and learning.

Personal Knowledge Management

First of all, what exactly is "Personal Knowledge Management", or PKM? I think the following collection of quotes from the KnowledgeBoard (Technologies for Personal Knowledge Management) summarizes best:

"PKM involves a range of relatively simple and inexpensive techniques and tools that anyone can use to acquire, create and share knowledge, extend personal networks and collaborate with colleagues without having to rely on the technical or financial resources of the employer."

AND

"PKM is a conceptual framework to organize and integrate information that we, as individuals, feel is important so that it becomes part of our personal knowledge base. It provides a strategy for transforming what might be random pieces of information into something that can be systematically applied and that expands our personal knowledge."

In my personal experience, I've used a range of tools to help organize my information. These have included traditional PIMs (Personal Information Managers), outliners and note taking applications, and mind maps. I highlighted a number of these tools in my recent post on Mind Maps as Personal Dashboards. What I find intriguing is the potential to enhance PKM by leveraging newer technologies and applications(semantic and "web 2.0"). This recent breed of applications and technologies can help people discover, collect, aggregate, and share knowledge in new and interesting ways.

Personal Learning Environments

Organizing information and sharing knowledge is critical, but it helps to have a strategy and framework for approaching your learning endeavors. Personal Learning Environments, or PLEs, are defined as follows:

Personal Learning Environments are systems that help learners take control of and manage their own learning. This includes providing support for learners to

* set their own learning goals
* manage their learning; managing both content and process
* communicate with others in the process of learning

and thereby achieve learning goals.

The following diagram is courtesy of Jeremy Hiebert:

Again, I think there is *huge* potential in this area. Advances in social networking and further development of the "Social Graph" will help accelerate learning and the development of communities geared towards specialized learning goals.

Posted by EricB at 07:12 PM | Permalink | Comments (0) | TrackBacks (1)

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I found a great new resource thanks to a comment on my post Digital Enlightenment: Using the Internet for Research, Learning, and Education. History Podcasts:

Looking for a History podcast? history Mp3 audio? Ipod mp3 history podcasts?

Welcome to the History Podcast page! On this page you will find links to the best History Podcasts on the net! Find audio lectures and shows on figures like Adolf Hitler, Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Napoleon, shows about world history and American history. You can download these podcasts for free, to listen on your Ipod or on your computer. Most of the files are in Mp3 format.

This page is a podcast directory to some of what I consider the best History Podcasts available. My intentions are twofold - first to create an easy database of great history podcasts, in order to provide the best historical podcast directory, and second to create pages where different podcasts on the same topic are gathered together.

Check it out! http://historicalpodcasts.googlepages.com/

Posted by EricB at 08:01 PM | Permalink | Comments (0) | TrackBacks (0)

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John Wesley at Pick the Brain has posted a great article on improving your reading comprehension with a mental framework.

Reading is all about information. It’s not about the number of words you read, but the amount of value you extract from them. The key to improved reading comprehension isn’t moving your eyes across a page more quickly. It’s about creating a mental framework that helps you process words and ideas.

With a bit of practice, anyone can read faster and more productively. The steps outlined below will help you to extract the maximum amount of information in the least amount of time.

Check it out!

Posted by EricB at 07:19 PM | Permalink | Comments (0) | TrackBacks (0)

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I'm sometimes amazed at the sites that make the del.icio.us popular list. I enjoyed the following entry on Wikipedia: the Dunning-Kruger effect.

The Dunning-Kruger effect is the phenomenon whereby people who have little knowledge systematically think that they know more than others who have much more knowledge.

The phenomenon was rigorously demonstrated in a series of experiments performed by Justin Kruger and David Dunning, then both of Cornell University. Their results were published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology in December, 1999.[1]

Kruger and Dunning noted a number of previous studies which tend to suggest that in skills as diverse as reading comprehension, playing chess or tennis or operating a motor vehicle, "ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge" (as Charles Darwin put it). Specifically, they hypothesized that with regard to a typical skill which humans may possess in greater or lesser degree,

1. incompetent individuals tend to overestimate their own level of skill,
2. incompetent individuals fail to recognize genuine skill in others,
3. incompetent individuals fail to recognize the extremity of their inadequacy,
4. if they can be trained to substantially improve their own skill level, these individuals can recognize and acknowledge their own previous lack of skill.

This, of course, is directly related to the commonly recognized 4 stages of competence.

In psychology, the four stages of competence relate to the psychological states involved in the process of progressing from incompetence to competence in a skill:

1. Unconscious incompetence
The individual neither understands or knows how to do something, nor recognizes the deficit or has a desire to address it.
See also : Dunning-Kruger effect

2. Conscious incompetence
Though the individual does not understand or know how to do something, he or she does recognize the deficit, without yet addressing it.

3. Conscious competence
The individual understands or knows how to do something. However, demonstrating the skill or knowledge requires a great deal of consciousness or concentration.

4. Unconscious competence
The individual has had so much practice with a skill that it becomes "second nature" and can be performed easily (often without concentrating too deeply). He or she can also teach it to others.

I'd also recommend a great article I came across last year:

Why smart people defend bad ideas

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I discovered a fairly new site called listeningtowords that provides a collection of links to free online lectures and courses. Here's a sample of some of the more popular lectures:

The Singularity: Your Future as a Black Hole

Power & Responsibility: Science, Humanity and Religion in the 21st century

Linked: Networks from Biology to the World Wide Web

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I discovered a new blog yesterday that I plan on adding to my ever-growing collection of links for research, learning, and education. Self Made Scholar is a new blog devoted to self-education. What is self-education?

"Self-education is learning in its purest form. You decide what you want to learn, when you’re going to learn it, and how you’re going to master the subject. There are no formal teachers, no essays, no exams, no “group projects,” and no grades.

You can start at any age, whether you’re one or one-hundred. It’s one of the best ways to become an interesting person and sure beats spending your weekends in front of the TV."

Self Made Scholar maintains a directory of free online courses. Check it out.

Posted by EricB at 09:40 AM | Permalink | Comments (0) | TrackBacks (0)

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I've been using a great application for the last few months and I figured I would share my thoughts. Like most people, I use Wikipedia as a major source for research. One of the challenges I've always had though is getting caught up in "information serendipity". I tend to start reading one thing, and eventually discover many new interesting links, and ultimately forget what I was originally looking at.

The answer to my information attention defecit problem has been Pathway. Pathway is a Mac OS X application that is basically a visual/relational Wikipedia browser. The UI has 4 main components:

For the past week, I've been spending a very short amount of time per day reading The Republic and Beyond Good and Evil. What's unique about this is the fact that I'm getting this content via email. A new website called DailyLit is now offering access to over 200+ public domain ebooks (complete list here).

Whenever you visit their website you can select which book(s) you want to read, setup your delivery options (frequency and time of day), and provide your email. I was a little bit skeptical of the books via email approach at first. But, I think the real power of a service like this is the fact that it takes less than 5 minutes per day to read each email. This is certainly a refreshing alternative to wading through dozens of spam messages (even with gmail's excellent filtering), and chatty mailing lists that I plow through each morning. And, within a few months I'll have read a couple more books than I normally would have.

Hopefully, new features will be forthcoming and DailyLit will add an RSS delivery option.

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I've been using the Internet since 1993. But, it wasn't until a few years ago that I truly started using the net for research purposes. One of my key interests is philosophy, and I've learned quickly that it's helpful to have easy access to a wide variety and volume of information. I've been collecting a comprehensive list of online resources including links, ebooks, summaries, courseware, research tools, search engines, multimedia, and software that are really applicable to many fields of study.

Rather than creating traditional tables for this data, I figured I would share the original mind maps as is. I used MindJet's MindManager to export the maps to HTML format.

Content
Map | Table of Contents | Index

This section contains links to online libraries, ebooks, search tools, and research tools for academia.

Courses
Map | Table of Contents | Index

This section contains links to free online courseware from major universities (OpenCourseWare), self study materials from various companies (e.g. The Teaching Company), and other E-Learning related sites.

Multimedia
Map | Table of Contents | Index

This section contains links to various audio and video content. This includes audio books (MP3, tape, CD), podcasts, audio/video streams from universities, and educational content from Google video.

Software
Map | Table of Contents | Index

This section contains links to a handful of software that is highly useful for researchers. Knowledge managers, outliners, and mind mapping tools.

Summaries
Map | Table of Contents | Index

This section contains links to services that provide summaries of either traditional textbook material (e.g. Cliffnotes) and major business book summary companies.

Posted by EricB at 06:46 PM | Permalink | Comments (6) | TrackBacks (1)

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