For whatever reason, at home I’ve been primarily sticking with a single monitor.  I use Ubuntu and natively use virtual workspaces, but still doesn’t give me the screen real estate that a 2nd monitor provides.  Rather than invest in a 2nd monitor right now, I thought it would be pretty slick to use my iPad as a second “virtual” monitor.  It turns out this is possible AND very easy!

What is a virtual monitor?  Through the magic of VNC i can actually use all of my apps on my main Linux PC and at the same time add touch screen support!  What do you need?

• A computer (PC, Linux, or MAC) with some VNC server installed and a VNC viewer.  I don’t really have a preference on VNC software, but you can check out RealVNC (http://www.realvnc.com/)

• An iPad running some VNC-capable software.  I haven’t researched extensively but I believe there are a number of solutions.  The app I’ve been running for years now is iSSH.  iSSH is sophisticated terminal software that is capable of SSH and support VNC connections.

• A nifty iPad stand that turns your iPad into a swivel monitor (OK, this isn’t needed, but puts some icing on the cake).  I’d recommend the RocketFish iPad Stand.

How do you set this up?  Easy…

1. You can opt to control your PC with VNC like most users do.  However, if you want a real “virtual” monitor/desktop you’d want a distinct workspace.  By default VNC uses :0 (your main desktop) as it’s default display.  You can create a new VNC server instance on a fresh desktop at :1.  I’m using TightVNC so the syntax may vary, but the command to setup is easy:

vncserver -alwaysshared :1

AND to kill the isntance when your done or want to start over

vncserver -kill :1

Note: the -alwaysshared is needed if you want to also control the iPad “virtual” monitor from your main PC

2. If you haven’t done so download and install iSSH from the App Store (currently $9.99 USD).  Setup either an SSH with VNC, or Raw VNC connection to your main computer.  Make sure to specify :1 as the port.
3. If you want to also control this new iPad virtual desktop from your main PC you can run vncviewer. On the command line (assuming Linux) run:

vncviewer :1

Note: You should see this display mirrored on your iPad as well.  You now have the choice to control exclusively from the iPad or share from the main PC.

Here’s a screenshot of my iPad monitor setup using the RocketFish stand and running Firefox from my iPad.

1. Find an alternative to iTunes that let’s me access ALL of my music on the go with a low barrier to syncing/listening
2. Cleanup my music collection (meta tags, filenames, etc.) since my iTunes use (abuse) has left many songs forgotten and neglected
3. Free my Music… while I’m in the mood to completely ditch iTunes I might as well get rid of all my DRM-protected music.  I’m doing this for both philosophical and practical reasons.

SubSonic (http://www.subsonic.org/)

Subsonic is an open source music (free) java-based streaming server for Windows, Mac, and Linux.  Right of the bat, I have to say it’s one of the most impressive open source apps I’ve come across.  I had it setup on Ubuntu in < 5 minutes and it works flawlessly!  Subsonic provides a web interface so you can access and listen to your music from anywhere.  I have it hosted on my own personal server and have tested it seamlessly over both 3G and Wi-Fi. The great thing about this product is there are applications for iPhone, Android and Windows 7 that let you stream music to your phone.  The app I chose for iPhone was iSub Music Streamer.  It cost $5 USD, but is probably the best money I’ve spent in the app store.  Things I really like?

• Transcoding – Even if you don’t have all .MP3s on your server, Subsonic can convert and stream other types on the fly (like AAC, AIF, M4A).  You can also customize audio bitrate based on bandwith usage (Wi-Fi or 3G), but by default I don’t limit.
• Caching – Once you’ve played the song it will be cached.  You can also queue or cache songs ahead of time and force the app into offline mode.
• Playlists – You can create both server-side and client side playlists.  This makes it really easy to share with multiple devices (iPhone(s), iPad, PC, media center, etc.)
• Podcasts – This feature completely eliminates the need for Iphone.  Plug in an RSS Podcast URL and Subsonic will download your podcast .MP3s and keep them updated on demand.

A viable alternative to iTunes?  You bet!  No sync times and music is available from anywhere.  I’m rediscovering my music collection all over again and listening to music I haven’t really bothered with in years.

Jaikoz Audio Tagger (http://www.jthink.net/jaikoz/)

Years ago I used a very good Windows program called MP3Tag to cleanup my music collection.  This program would let you bulk-edit the MP3 ID3 tags (Artist, Album, Track, Year, etc.) and rename files.  This program still works well but I found an even better alternative.  Jaikoz (20GBP-~$33USD) is another amazingly slick app. It does everything that MP3 tag does plus more:

• Integration with online metadata sites like MusicBrainz and Discogs to automatically identify files
• Acoustic fingerprinting using Amplified.  If you have a file with no identifiable information in the filename or metadata Amplified will most likely find it (think Shazam or SoundHound)
• Adds album cover art and lyrics

A few years ago I blogged about an incident where my first iPod Video music db became corrupt and I lost information on about 500+ songs (meta data was non-existant in most of them and files were renamed to something like QD3K33.mp3).  Unbelievably Jaikoz was able to recover about 95+% of the files and even added album cover art and lyrics!

Noteburner (http://www.noteburner.com/)

Since Rhapsody and Amazon started offering .MP3 downloads all of my online music purchases have been through them.  However, I still have (had) hundreds of DRM-protected songs that I purchased through iTunes and Rhapsody.  Back in 2008 I went through some pain to burn the Rhapsody purchases to CD and then rip them again back to .MP3.  This time around I wanted to find a way to make it easier.  I’ve used virtual CDRW software in the past like CDBurnerXP and it worked well.  Noteburner, a worthly alternative ($39.95), offers many of the features of CDBurnerXP but also burns to CD and converts to MP3 in a single-step process!  Simply install, select as your preferred CD-RW drive for burning and burn the playlist.  Noteburner will automatically create the virtual CD, read the CD-TEXT provided by itunes, and create the .MP3 file.  Once you have all your converted files, simply load them into Jaikoz and get the full range of meta tags including album cover art and lyrics.

My total cost for this little project was less than $75 and I couldn’t be happier.  I now have a clean music collection that I can access from anywhere in the world, and don’t have to feel the iTunes pain ever again.  C-ya!!

I never really considered myself a “highlighter” until a couple years ago.  Back in school I would, on occasion, highlight some interesting passages while doing homework or reading books and jot them down later.  More often then not though many of those highlights would go to waste.  After all, what good are highlighting interesting bits of text if you don’t use them later?  My highlight compulsion increased about 6 years ago when I dove head first into mindmapping and starting experimenting with a technique called MMOST (Mind Map Organic Study Technique).  In a nutshell, MMOST is a strategy for quickly digesting books and summarizing what you’ve learned into a mindmap so you can recall or reference at a later date.  For a great intro to the MMOST technique, check out the post on How to Understand a Business Book in Four Hours.  What does highlighting have to do with MMOST?  While I’m reading a book I’ll highlight the passages that stick out to me and use those as the basis for creating the mindmap summary.  It can take a lot of time, but the process of highlighting, reviewing, and creating the mindmap can significantly improve your recall and what you get out of a book (or any research project).

Another big change happened earlier this year when I started using an iPad.  I’ve been gradually accumulating more digital books (using PDFs and purchasing books through Amazon using Kindle).  After using Kindle for a short time I was blown away by the feature that let’s you highlight book passages and get summaries of the highlighted text and page number (The direct URL is http://kindle.amazon.com/your_highlights.  This is REALLY useful for accelerating the summarizing process and the beauty of it is that it’s automatic – the extraction just works!  Around the time I started using Kindle for iPad I discovered a fantastic PDF Document reader called GoodReader.

GoodReader is a full-featured document reader with some powerful features.  Not only can you take all of your documents on the go, you can access remotely using WebDAV, Google Docs, DropBox, Email, and other online services.  Starting a couple months ago it got even better by supporting PDF highlighting and annotations.  I thought to myself, “Hey, it would be great if I could somehow extract all my highlighted text just like Kindle.  I could TRIPLE the number of books I read and create summaries for almost all of them!”.  It turns out this IS possible, but it is no where near as simple as I initially hoped.  I dove down the deep rabit hole of reviewing the ~ 1,000 page Adobe PDF specification, hacked and tinkered with Perl and Java code, reviewed numerous open source and commercial offerings, and have emerged (slightly scathed but wiser) with some good solutions.

The Challenge

I won’t get into the nitty-gritty details here, but what would seem a simple operation of extracting highlighted text from a PDF turns out to be exceedingly difficult depending on what strategy you use.  In fact, as near as I can tell, there is no existing open source or commercial solution that can reliably extract the 100% text accurately from all documents.  The main challenge with PDF is that it isn’t a markup language like HTML that will explicitly tell you how text should be rendered.  For example:

This is an <b>example</b> <highlight>sentence that I would like to highlight</highlight>.

The PDF format, while parsable, uses concepts like dictionaries, objects, streams and coordinate systems that tell PDF readers how to correctly render the doc. What this means is that things like annotations (notes) and highlights are rendered separately from the text itself.  The best way to visualize this is to think of the highlighted PDF as having 2 distinct layers: the top layer is the highlight itself and the bottom layer is the text.  The straightforward strategy is to simply say: “Find the X,Y coordinates of the region of highlight, then find the X,Y coordinates of all text in that same region and simply copy it”.  Well, the unfortunate complexity is that in order to find the coordinates of the text you also have to take into consideration the font type and size of the font.  After many hours of hacking with only minimal success, I’ve concluded that this method is not currently possible without a lot of additional coding.  And, unless somebody can point me in the right direction, I haven’t found any open source or commercial offerings that do this.  OK, so you’re probably wondering why I’ve made you read this much of the post only to tell you it’s not technically possible.  It is possible, just using a slightly different method.

The Solutions

It turns out that you can automatically extract the highlight with 100% accuracy, but there is a caveat that requires a little more manual work.  It sounds much more painful than it really is.  The trick is to not only highlight the passage of text, but also copy the text and paste as an annotation (note) on top of the highlight.  For GoodReader it’s simply a matter of a couple extra clicks.  And for people who use Adobe Acrobat or Acrobat Reader, there is an option in most versions to automatically copy/paste text into a note whenever you select text to highlight (Go to Settings -> Commenting Preferences -> “Copy selected text into Highlight, Cross-Out, and Underline comment pop-ups.”).  Here’s how you accomplish using GoodReader as of v3.2.0:

1. Select the text you would like to highlight and select Copy.  As soon as you click Copy, the menu option above the text will remain.
2. Next select the Highlight option.  At this point the text will now be highlighted.
3. Tap the highlighted text and select the Open option.  A note dialogue will appear.
4. Hold down for 2 sections on the note until the Paste option appears and select.  Click Save.

Basically 6 quick clicks/taps and you’re done.  It’s not ideal, but certainly a good trade-off if it means you get to extract automatically and have 100% reliability.  Now, there are a couple options for easily extracting your highlights.

Option 1 – Use a PDF Reader to create highlight summaries

If you have the money, Adobe Acrobat has many features that let you view and print all of your annotations (notes, highlights, etc.).  Although not significantly cost prohibitive most people (myself included) don’t really want to spend money if you can find a comparable free or open source solution.  Adobe Acrobat Reader (the free version most people use) does allow you to view the highlights in a summary pane, but doesn’t allow you to extract and print (You’ll notice that if you don’t create the annotated note with your highlight the entry will show blank.)  The best free PDF viewer that I experimented with is Foxit Reader and it allows you to easily create a PDF summary of your highlights.  Simply go to Comments -> Summary Comments and you’ll be prompted to save a new PDF file that only contains the highlighted text along with the page number.

Option 2 – Programmatically extract highlights

For those inclined to hack, there are a couple open source options for parsing PDF files.  I first started experimenting with a great Perl module called CAM::PDF.  After a few weekends of tinkering around and subsequently needing to dig into the official Adobe PDF specificaiton I realized how complicated PDF parsing, rendering, and text extraction can be.  CAM::PDF does make it easy parse the overall structure of the document and extract text for an entire page, but it is very difficult to extract for exact coordinates (for a number of technical reasons).  At this point I was still trying to solve the problem with the original strategy of extracing text by x,y coordinates, and after researching for countless hours I realized my open source options were limited.  My next step was to experiment with PDFBox, an Apache open source JAVA PDF library.  After some searching I was very excited to at least scratch the surface and get preliminary results of text extraction based on the highlight x,y coordinates.  I soon discovered that needing to take the font style, orientation, and spacing into consideration to grab the exact text would prove to be time consuming.  I haven’t yet found other examples, or reached out on the mailing list, but I’m sure with sufficient determination and time this could be done.  Not wanting to devote this amount of time right now to solve this problem, I opted to go for the pragmatic solution of saving the note and extracting that.  For those interested, I’ve attached some very simple test code that will extract the annotated comment and I’ve included commented out code for doing very basic (and not yet accurate) extraction based on region/coordinates.  When I have more time I may make this a standalone executable so you can run from the command-line and bulk extract highlights from multiple documents:

Code block

import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDDocument;
import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.PDPage;
import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.common.PDRectangle;
import org.apache.pdfbox.pdmodel.interactive.annotation.PDAnnotation;
import org.apache.pdfbox.util.PDFTextStripperByArea;
public class ExtractHighlights {
public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
PDDocument pddDocument = PDDocument.load(new File("sample.pdf"));
List allPages = pddDocument.getDocumentCatalog().getAllPages();
for (int i = 0; i < allPages.size(); i++) {
int pageNum = i + 1;
PDPage page = (PDPage) allPages.get(i);
List<PDAnnotation> la = page.getAnnotations();
if (la.size() < 1) {
continue;
}
System.out.println("Total annotations = " + la.size());
System.out.println("\nProcess Page " + pageNum + "...");
// Just get the first annotation for testing
PDAnnotation pdfAnnot = la.get(0);
System.out.println("Annot type = " + pdfAnnot.getSubtype());
System.out.println("Modified date = " + pdfAnnot.getModifiedDate());
System.out.println("Rectangle = " + pdfAnnot.getRectangle());
// Sample code taken from Canoo unit test - extractAnnotations
// See https://svn.canoo.com/trunk/webtest/src/main/java/com/canoo/webtest/plugins/pdftest/htmlunit/pdfbox/PdfBoxPDFPage.java
// Experimental - Not completely working since rectangle doesn't take font size/spacing into account
// PDFTextStripperByArea stripper = new PDFTextStripperByArea();
// stripper.setSortByPosition(true);
//
// PDRectangle rect = pdfAnnot.getRectangle();
// float x = rect.getLowerLeftX() - 1;
// float y = rect.getUpperRightY() - 1;
// float width = rect.getWidth() + 2;
// float height = rect.getHeight() + rect.getHeight() / 4;
// int rotation = page.findRotation();
// if (rotation == 0) {
//     PDRectangle pageSize = page.findMediaBox();
//       y = pageSize.getHeight() - y;
//}
//
// Rectangle2D.Float awtRect = new Rectangle2D.Float(x, y, width, height);
// stripper.addRegion(Integer.toString(0), awtRect);
// stripper.extractRegions(page);
//
// System.out.println("Getting text from region = " + awtRect + "\n");
// System.out.println(stripper.getTextForRegion(Integer.toString(0)));
System.out.println("Getting text from comment = " + pdfAnnot.getContents());
}
pddDocument.close();
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

Of all the APIs I reviewed PDFBox appears to be one of the best: enumerating through the annotations is easy, extracting the note is just as simple, and the basic API is there to extract highlights with no need for the note (just be prepared to dig in and do some work).  I also spent some time researching Adobe’s Javascript API and saw some forum posts where a person had mentioned they wrote a JavaScript plugin for Adobe Acrobat Reader that extracted the highlight without the need for the notes.  However, I could not find a working example.  With further research I’m sure this could be another option.

For the short-term, my practical solution is going to use Foxit Reader to create the highlight summaries.  Foxit works under Wine (linux) and I’ve been able to share my GoodReader docs over WiFi and mount that Goodreader share as a WebDav folder.  This means that once I’m done reading and highlighting a PDF I can easily open up in FoxitReader without needing to copy anything, generate the highlight summary, and save back to my Documents folder.  Longer-term I’ll probably elaborate on the PDFBox code and write a program to automatically extract the highlights and save as text, XML, or HTML.

Other Links of Interest

• My PDF Bookmarks from Del.icio.us (TONS of good links found during research)
• Python – Scrape Highlighted (Not portable, but uses a combo of Python, AppleScript and SkimPDF for Mac)
• Python – PDF Miner
• PDF Can Opener (Inspects PDF docs)
• Acrobat Exhibit Highlighter (Some highlight tools using Javascript to enhance Acrobat)
• Topic Grazer (Windows – helps with text extraction)

Happy Highlighting!

Most traditional personal knowledge management (PKM) or personal information management (PIM) applications offer the same basic set of features:

* Storage of notes and documents
* Search functionality and keyword/tagging capability
* Outline view in a traditional hierarchy, or user-defined views
* Task management, calendar, and contact management (mainly PIM, not KM)

These are essential features, however don’t offer too much to the more visually-inclined knowledge junkies. For visual learners and information visualization fans, having a graphical representation of knowledge and seeing how things relate is a must have feature.  Luckily, in the past few years there has been a rise in the number of knowledge management applications that offer this capability.  The following is a list of interesting /unique / effective tools for knowledge management and information visualization (not listed in any particular order):

15. DeepaMehta

Link: http://www.deepamehta.de/
Platforms: Win, Mac, Linux
Cost: Free (Open Source)

DeepaMehta is a “networked semantic desktop” that replaces the traditional computer desktop. DeepaMehta rids the user from dealing with applications, files and directories. Instead, the DeepaMehta user arranges information of any kind and origin into supportive topic maps. Topics may be e.g. projects, emails, webpages, notes, articles, contacts, or meetings. Users define their own topic types. Old-fashioned applications, windows and files are no longer in the sight of the user, but the meaningful relationships between real world topics.

14. Tinderbox

Link: http://www.eastgate.com/Tinderbox/
Platforms: Mac
Cost: $179

Tinderbox stores and organizes your notes, plans, and ideas. It can help you analyze and understand them. And Tinderbox helps you share ideas through Web journals and web logs. Tinderbox maps your notes as you make them. Build relationships by arranging notes, organizing them with shape and color, linking them. Tinderbox lets you record ideas quickly and keep them where you’ll find them again when you need them.

13. Vue

Link: http://vue.tufts.edu/
Platforms: Win, Mac, Linux
Cost: Free (Open Source)

At its core, the Visual Understanding Environment (VUE) is a concept and content mapping application, developed to support teaching, learning and research and for anyone who needs to organize, contextualize, and access digital information. Using a simple set of tools and a basic visual grammar consisting of nodes and links, faculty and students can map relationships between concepts, ideas and digital content.

12. eyePlorer

Link: http://www.eyeplorer.com/eyePlorer/
Platforms: Web
Cost: Free

EyePlorer allows you to explore and process knowledge. Search engines help you find links and documents – they require you to follow these links and open the respective document in order to access information. eyePlorer.com, powered by vionto, provides immediate access to facts. It visualizes facts as well as relationships between facts. Furthermore, eyePlorer.com allows you to collect, process and publish interesting bits of information. eyePlorer.com is a visual knowledge workbench.

11. BeeDocs Timeline

Link: http://www.beedocs.com
Platforms: Mac
Cost: $65

Bee Docs Timeline is software for Mac OS X that makes it easy for you to present historical events in a way that reveals connections and clarifies relationships.

Make timeline charts of world history, family trees, fictional events or business deadlines. Timelines can help you understand and present history with new perspective!

See: http://eric-blue.com/2009/04/14/how-to-create-stunning-3d-timelines/

Post continued, click below to navigate to the next page….

I quickly discovered that while I was aware of most of the blogs in the top 20, I wasn’t subscribed to many of them. I was looking for an easy way to import this list into Google Reader, and didn’t feel like subscribing to each link individually. So, I created a quick n’ dirty script that fetched the URL list, determined the RSS feed for each site, and generated an OPML file.

Right-click and save the OPML file below:

http://eric-blue.com/download/pdblogs.opml

You should be able to easily import this into your RSS feed reader of choice (Google Reader, BlogLines, RSS Reader, Vienna, etc.).

• The true cost of information overload and multi-tasking (it will open your eyes to a looming crisis)
• What research proves about the benefits of mind mapping software in business (the productivity impact is substantial!)
• Perspectives from 10 mind mappers on the impact this type of software has made on the way they think, plan and work.
• A list of over 20 business applications where mind mapping software can be used to increase your efficiency
• Ten tips on how to select the right mind mapping program for your needs
• A checklist to help you identify your needs
• Reviews of 5 top mind mapping programs that I personally recommend
• My “best of” list of the programs that offer the greatest performance in 8 key areas.
• A collection of over 50 resources where you can discover the best tools, resources and advice about mind mapping software

The primary aim of Chuck’s new book is to help business people become more aware that mind mapping can be a powerful tool in the workplace. The Mind Mapping Manifesto achieves this goal, and offers some fantastic advice on how to use mind mapping software to better deal with information overload, gain clarity on key projects and objectives, and become a much more efficient organizer. I would highly recommend this book to both people new to mind mapping, and those who are already seasoned mappers.

Chuck also dedicated a section of his book to allow a group of mind mapping experts to voice their opinion on the value of mind mapping software. This panel included some well known people in the mind mapping community. I’m honored that Chuck included me on this list as well. Here’s are some snippets of my opinion on the value of mind mapping software:

“In my experience, mind mapping is the perfect fusion of creativity
and organization, and has applications both personally and
professionally. In a personal context, the experience of creating
maps can be both a huge creativity booster and a technique for
clarifying and understanding your thought process. Mind maps
are a useful tool for self-discovery, summarizing and aggregating
huge volumes of information, and vastly improving your ability to
recall and act on that information.”

“In a business context, mind mapping is fundamentally about clearly
communicating thoughts, ideas, and concepts to others. During a
group meeting, regardless of each individual’s primary learning
style, mind maps greatly help to visually get everybody “on the same
page”. There is real value in being able to present complex ideas
in a visually pleasing format, and to let people focus on the big
picture of the idea you’re trying to get across. Mind mapping can
help improve the brainstorming process, act as an effective visual
aid during presentations, and has proved useful when it comes to
capturing meeting notes and summarizing discussions.”

“The applications for dealing with information overload and processing are vast, and being able to effectively prioritize, streamline, and act on relevant information is what distinguishes
successful, action-oriented individuals from others.”

Please do checkout this book at http://www.mindmappingmanifesto.com/.

I was planning on restoring, and then importing all music and videos from the backup drive. However, after a little Googling I came across a lifesaving article on LifeHacker:

Hack Attack: Add music and movies to your iPod from any computer without iTunes

Adam Posh reviewed a cross-platform iTunes replacement called Floola. The reason why I was even investigating an iTunes replacement was to find a way to copy a number of .mp4 files directly to the iPod. I use Rhapsody quite a bit and have purchased a number of albums over the last 2 years. Although Rhapsody does support transfering the files to the iPod in MP4 format, these files are not playable in iTunes. In fact, since these songs are no longer recognized on the iPod, if I try to import them I get an authorization error. My thought was that Floola would allow me to perform the copy, but that was not the case.

Fortunately, I discovered an option in Floola that allows you to “repair” a corrupt iTunes database (under Tools -> Advanced -> Repair). Apparently this rebuilds the iTunesDB file under the hidden iPod_Control directory based on the existing music and video files that are on the iPod. Sure enough, after clicking and waiting for a few minutes, 4,000+ of my songs and videos were recovered. This didn’t include the tracks purchased through Rhapsody, but I’m sure I’ll be able to recover if I re-transfer using my PC laptop.

Thanks to LifeHacker and Floola, I saved a ton of time in trying to solve a tedious problem!

This repository already has a broad collection of quotes and advice, including topics on advertising, product development, negotiation, and investing. Here are a few of the editor’s picks:

Before going into a partnership with someone, spend time with them in three different kinds of situations: a relaxing one, a competitive one, and an intellectually stimulating one. – Joan Kelly

People don’t steal ideas. Ideas are cheap. Implementation makes the difference. – Seth Godin

Rather than telling an associate, “You look good in that suit,” tell the person, “That suit looks good on you.” – Dale Carneigie

The 10/20/30 Rule of PowerPoint: a PowerPoint presentation should have ten slides, last no more than twenty minutes, and contain no font smaller than thirty points. – Guy Kawasaki

The Ultimate Getting Things Done Index

Keep track of GTD blogs, software, news, etc. all on one page!

3. Being noticed is not the same as being remarkable. Running down the street naked will get you noticed, but it won’t accomplish much. It’s easy to pull off a stunt, but not useful.

I’m not one to bash the whole Web 2.0 phenomenon…. but Web 2.0 was the first thing I thought of as soon as I read this.